Real\time (RT)\PCR was conducted to identify gene pathways affected by SG\2 in cancer cells. no significant impact on cell viability in these cell types. Cell\imaging experiments demonstrated rapid uptake and localization to the mitochondrial membrane. T1AM and SG\2 are able to reduce cancer cell growth and viability. These findings support the potential for use of these compounds and related analogs for their antiproliferation properties in cancer cells. based on low animal numbers 1. Additionally, due to its therapeutic potential in a variety of physiological systems, functional analogs of T1AM have begun to be developed 13 (Fig. ?(Fig.1)1) with the goal of increasing its bioactivity. To this end, we sought to examine the potency of the synthetic T1AM analog, designated SG\2, to evaluate enhanced potency compared to the native compound 15. The applications of T1AM and its analogs toward cancer treatment have not been previously explored. Here, we evaluate the impact of T1AM and SG\2 on cancer cell growth rate as well as their uptake patterns and gene transcription changes, in order to characterize their affects on cancer cells as well as their cytotoxicity in normal cells to determine their potential use in cancer therapy. Open in a separate YIL 781 window Physique 1 Structures of T1AM, SG\2, and FL\T1AM. Materials and methods Reagents and preparation of T1AM and SG\2 stocks Purified crystalline T1AM and SG\2 (Fig. ?(Fig.1)1) were prepared as previously described 1, 14. Lyophilized powdered samples were first solubilized in DMSO before being diluting to a stock concentration of 2 mm using complete growth medium [10% FBS, 1% P/S, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)]. The hydrophobic nature of the two compounds necessitated the use of DMSO to enhance solubility in the aqueous solution. A small amount of DMSO was used to aid in the initial solubility of the compounds prior to the addition of media YIL 781 solution in order to aid its solubility in an aqueous solution. Stock solutions of compounds were prepared in batches of 1 1 mL by using YIL 781 20 L of DMSO to solubilize the compounds prior to adding the remaining volume of media. This created a stock solution made up of 2% DMSO. This was done to keep the concentration of DMSO low so that even at the highest dosages (200 m and above) the DMSO was only present NGF at ~ 0.2% of treatment media. All control stock solutions had the equivalent amount of DMSO added to culture media so that the effects of DMSO would be present in controls. The addition of control media made up of DMSO was added in amounts to reflect the highest dosage of compound with DMSO added to each series of experiments so that the potential effect of DMSO on cell growth was controlled for. Negative controls did not have any additional DMSO to their culture media. The authors do not believe this amount of DMSO had a significant detriment on cell proliferation of cells as no experiments indicated control growth rates were significantly less than unfavorable controls. Measuring cell viability Toxicity of T1AM YIL 781 and SG\2 was assessed in MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, HepG2 heptocellular carcinoma cells, human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) normal HFFs, and 3T3\L1 normal mouse preadipocyte fibroblasts in order to evaluate anticancer properties and cytotoxicity to normal cells. MCF7 and HepG2 were chosen for evaluation based on their divergent tissue origins. Similarly, 3T3\L1 and HFF cells were chosen for evaluation based on normal cell characteristics and different tissue origins to determine toxicity in different normal cell types. Cells were seeded at different densities in a 96\well plate and grown for 72 h in their respective standard growth media (DMEM 10%, FBS, 1% P/S) for MCF7, 3T3\L1, and HepG2, and Medium 106 supplemented with Low Serum Growth Supplement (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) for primary HFF cells. After 72 h, cell viability was analyzed using the 3\(4,5\dimethylthiazol\2\yl)\2,5\diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MTT was.